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Pietro II Orseolo Sisukord Pere | Valitsemisaeg | Pärand | Bibliograafia | Viited | Välislingid | NavigeerimismenüüPietro II OrseoloThe dogaressas of VeniceStaley, Edgcumbe. "The dogaressas of Venice : The wives of the doges"Pietro II Orseolo

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Veneetsia doodžidSurnud 1009


961Veneetsia1009Veneetsia doodž9911009LastovoKorčulaDubrovnikiDalmaatsiahorvaadidNeretvalõunaslaavlasedVitale CandianoOttone Orseolost1008Péter OrseoloUngari kuningas992Basileios IIKonstantinoopolis997998taevaminemispühalpiraateGiovanni Orseologa10009. mailviimase Horvaatia-Bulgaaria sõjaAadria mereZadaristKačaSplitiarhont948KorčulaLastovoSvetoslav SuronjaBulgaariaStjepan I KrešimirovićPetar Krešimir IV1059LidoIstituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana










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Pietro II Orseolo




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Pietro II Orseolo büst




Pietro II Orseolo vapp


Pietro II Orseolo (961 Veneetsia – 1009 Veneetsia) oli 26. Veneetsia doodž. Ta oli ametis aastatel 991–1009.


Ta pani aluse Veneetsia idasuunalisele laienemisele (vallutades Lastovo ja Korčula ning omandades Dubrovniki), mis kestis ligikaudu 500 aastat. Ta kindlustas oma mõjuvõimu Dalmaatsia roomameelsetes asundustes, mida seni olid valitsenud horvaadid ja Dalmaatsia lõunaosas Neretva jõest läänes elanud lõunaslaavlased. Lisaks vabastas ta Veneetsia ka maksust, mida veneetslased olid 50 aastat viimastele maksnud.




Sisukord





  • 1 Pere


  • 2 Valitsemisaeg

    • 2.1 Suhted Bütsantsiga


    • 2.2 Välispoliitika



  • 3 Pärand


  • 4 Bibliograafia


  • 5 Viited


  • 6 Välislingid




Pere |


Ta oli abielus Maria Candianoga[1], kelle isa Vitale Candiano oli olnud Veneetsia 24. doodž.[2] Nende poeg Ottone Orseolost sai aastal 1008 noorim mees, kes Veneetsia doodžiks valitud; tema poeg Péter Orseolo oli Ungari kuningas.



Valitsemisaeg |



Suhted Bütsantsiga |


Aastal 992 sõlmisid Pietro II Orseolo ja Bütsantsi keiser Basileios II lepingu, mille järgi hakkasid Veneetsia laevad vedama Bütsantsi vägesid vastutasuna kaubanduslike privileegide eest Konstantinoopolis.[3]


Pärast Dalmaatsia linnriikide korduvaid kaebusi aastal 997 ründas Veneetsia laevastik Orseolo juhtimisel 998. aasta taevaminemispühal Neretva piraate. Doodž võttis endale seejärel ka tiitli Dux Dalmatianorum (Dalmaatslaste hertsog), seostades selle tiitli oma poja Giovanni Orseologa.



Välispoliitika |


1000. aasta 9. mail otsustas doodž Pietro II viimase Horvaatia-Bulgaaria sõja ajal rahustada maha horvaate ja Neretva kandis elanuid, et kaitsta Veneetsia kaubanduskolooniaid ja roomameelsete dalmaatslaste huve. Tema kuuest laevast koosnev laevastik suutis ilma vaevata põletada maha asulaid kogu Aadria mere idarannikul ning ainsana suutsid neile vastupanu osutada piraadid. Pärast seda, kui viimased varastasid kaupa ja vangistasid 40 kaupmeest Zadarist, saatis doodž välja 10 laeva, mis tabasid piraadid Kača saare lähedal. Doodž võttis kõik nad vangi ja viis nad seejärel võidukalt Spliti. Seal nõudsid viimaste saadikud vangide vabastamist ning Pietro II nõustus sellega tingimusel, et nende arhont ise nõustuks tema ees kummardama. Lisaks sellele pidi Neretva rahvas loobuma maksust, mida Veneetsia oli pidanud neile maksma juba alates aastast 948, ja lisaks tagama Veneetsia laevadele Aadria meres turvalise läbipääsu.


Pietro II vabastas kõik vangid peale kuue, keda ta hoidis pantvangis. Sellega oli doodž suutnud mandril elavad Neretva rahvad vaigistada. Ent Korčula saare elanikud otsustasid Orseolo vastu edasi sõdida, kuid lõpuks vallutati ka nemad. See polnud aga kõik, sest kurikuulus piraatide varjupaik Lastovo saar pidas jätkuvalt veneetslaste rüüsteretkedele vastu. Püüdes edasist vastupanu otsustavalt maha suruda käskis Pietro II saarelinna evakueerida ja tegi vaatamata jätkuvale vastupanule linna maatasa.


Samal ajal kui Pietro II vallutas Lastovo, põgenes Horvaatia kuningas Svetoslav Suronja Veneetsiasse; nimelt olid tema väed Bulgaaria poolse abi toel lüüa saanud. Oma nõrgenenud positsiooni tugevdamiseks abiellus hilisem Horvaatia kuningas Stjepan I Krešimirović doodž Pietro II Orseolo tütre Joscella (ka Hicela) Orseologa. Nende poeg Petar Krešimir IV sai Horvaatia kuningaks aastal 1059.



Pärand |


Doodž Pietro II Orseolo võitu Dalmaatsias hakati Veneetsias tähistama Taevaminemispüha festivaliga (Festa della Sensa) ja tegemist on vanima Veneetsias peetava festivaliga. Seda sündmust mälestasid doodž ja Olivolo piiskop, möödudes Lido saarest ning õnnistades seejuures vett, paludes sellega Veneetsia sõjalaevastikule head õnne.



Bibliograafia |


Giuseppe Gullino, Pietro II Orseolo teoses Dizionario biografico degli italiani, vol. 79, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2013. Vaadatud 19. märtsil 2015



Viited |




  1. ↑ The dogaressas of Venice.


  2. ↑ Staley, Edgcumbe. "The dogaressas of Venice : The wives of the doges". London : T. W. Laurie.


  3. ↑ J. Norwich. "Byzantium: The Apogee", 257.




Välislingid |


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