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Графтар теориясы Колдонулган адабияттар | Навигация менюсу

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Графтар теориясы




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Графтар теориясы — математиканын объектилерди талдап изилдөөдө геометриялык жолду пайдалануучу бөлүгү.


Графтар чекиттердин (чокулардын) жана аларды бириктирүүчү кырлардын (байланыштардын) тобунан турат.
Алсак, Кыргызстандагы шаарлар (чокулар) жана аларды бириктирүүчү жолдор (графтын кырлары); электр схемасынын элементтери жана аларды бириктирүүчү өткөргүчтөр ж. б. графтарга мисал боло алат.


Графтар теориясында кырларына белгилер коюлган жана уюл деп аталуучу өзгөчө чокулары белгиленген графтар каралат. Мисалы, бир шаардан экинчисине баруучу бир нече т. ж. тармагында ар бир станциянын аралыгы белгиленет, бул эки шаар графтын уюлдары деп белгиленет. Л. Эйлердин (1736) матем. баш катырма жана кызыктуу маселелерди чыгаруудагы эмгеги Графтар теориясы боюнча биринчи эмгектерден деп эсептелет.


20-кылымдын 2-жарымында кибернетиканын жана эсептөө техникасынын пайда болушу менен Графтар теориясы да кеңири пайдаланыла баштады.


Ал теория эсептөөчү машиналарды түзүүдө, программа түзүү теориясында, физикалык, химиялык, технол. процесстерди талдап изилдөөдө, пландоо маселелерин чечүүдө Ж. б. пайдаланылат. Графтар теориясынын маселелери көп варианттарды салыштыруу менен чыгарылгандыктан эффективдүү алгоритм түзүү жана бат эсептөөчү машинаны колдонуу талап кылынат.



Колдонулган адабияттар |


  • Кыргыз Совет Энциклопедиясы. Башкы редактор Б. О. Орузбаев. -Фрунзе: Кыргыз Совет Энциклопедиясынын башкы редакциясы, 1977. Том 2. В - Иридий. -672 б.



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