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Is it possible for SQL statements to execute concurrently within a single session in SQL Server?



Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)how to make a table unlocked within transaction blockAssociate a piece of data with a sessionSPIDs stuck indefinitely in suspended stateUnable to start a nested transaction for OLE DB provider “SQLNCLI11” for linked serverHow to avoid a “duplicate key” error?Executing SSIS Package from a stored procedure with different user privilegesRead/Write Deadlock in SQL ServerWhen exactly are multiple users unable to simultaneously run a stored procedure with a temp table?Is it possible to limit the scope of a SYNONYM in SQL Server?How to Set the Transaction Isolation level in a Table Value Multi Function



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5















I have written a stored procedure which makes use of a temporary table. I know that in SQL Server, temporary tables are session-scoped. However, I have not been able to find definitive information on exactly what a session is capable of. In particular, if it is possible for this stored procedure to execute twice concurrently in a single session, a significantly higher isolation level is required for a transaction within that procedure due to the two executions now sharing a temporary table.










share|improve this question




























    5















    I have written a stored procedure which makes use of a temporary table. I know that in SQL Server, temporary tables are session-scoped. However, I have not been able to find definitive information on exactly what a session is capable of. In particular, if it is possible for this stored procedure to execute twice concurrently in a single session, a significantly higher isolation level is required for a transaction within that procedure due to the two executions now sharing a temporary table.










    share|improve this question
























      5












      5








      5








      I have written a stored procedure which makes use of a temporary table. I know that in SQL Server, temporary tables are session-scoped. However, I have not been able to find definitive information on exactly what a session is capable of. In particular, if it is possible for this stored procedure to execute twice concurrently in a single session, a significantly higher isolation level is required for a transaction within that procedure due to the two executions now sharing a temporary table.










      share|improve this question














      I have written a stored procedure which makes use of a temporary table. I know that in SQL Server, temporary tables are session-scoped. However, I have not been able to find definitive information on exactly what a session is capable of. In particular, if it is possible for this stored procedure to execute twice concurrently in a single session, a significantly higher isolation level is required for a transaction within that procedure due to the two executions now sharing a temporary table.







      sql-server sql-server-2012






      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question











      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question










      asked 6 hours ago









      Trevor GiddingsTrevor Giddings

      354




      354




















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          6














          Not concurrently. Your options include:



          • Run the queries one after another in the same session

          • Switch from a temp table to a global temp table (use ##TableName instead of #TableName), but be aware that the global temp table is automatically dropped when the session that created the temp table closes, and there are no other active sessions with a reference to it

          • Switch to a real user table in TempDB - you can create tables there, but be aware that they'll disappear on server restart

          • Switch to a real user table in a user database





          share|improve this answer






























            8














            While Brent's answer is correct for for all practical purposes, and this is not something I've ever seen someone worry about, it is possible for multiple invocations of a stored procedure in a session to affect each other through a session-scoped #temp table.



            The good news is it's extremely unlikely to happen in the wild because



            1) #Temp tables declared inside a stored procedures or nested batches don't actually have session visibility (or lifetime). And these are by far the most common case.



            2) It requires MultipleActiveResultsets and either some very strange async client programming, or for the stored procedure to return a resultset in the middle, and the client to call another instance of the stored procedure while processing the results from the first.



            Here's a cooked-up example:



            using System;
            using System.Data.SqlClient;

            namespace ado.nettest

            class Program

            static void Main(string[] args)

            using (var con = new SqlConnection("Server=localhost;database=tempdb;integrated security=true;MultipleActiveResultSets = True"))

            con.Open();

            var procDdl = @"
            create table #t(id int)
            exec ('
            create procedure #foo
            as
            begin
            insert into #t(id) values (1);
            select top 10000 * from sys.messages m, sys.messages m2;
            select count(*) rc from #t;
            delete from #t;
            end
            ');
            ";
            var cmdDDL = con.CreateCommand();
            cmdDDL.CommandText = procDdl;
            cmdDDL.ExecuteNonQuery();

            var cmd = con.CreateCommand();
            cmd.CommandText = "exec #foo";
            using (var rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader())

            rdr.Read();

            var cmd2 = con.CreateCommand();
            cmd2.CommandText = "exec #foo";
            using (var rdr2 = cmd2.ExecuteReader())




            while (rdr.Read())



            rdr.NextResult();
            rdr.Read();
            var rc = rdr.GetInt32(0);
            Console.WriteLine($"Numer of rows in temp table rc");






            Console.WriteLine("Hit any key to exit");
            Console.ReadKey();





            which outputs



            Numer of rows in temp table 0
            Hit any key to exit


            because the second invocation of the stored procedure inserted a row, and then deleted all the rows from #t while the first invocation was waiting for the client to fetch the rows from its first resultset. Note that if the first resultset was small, the rows might get buffered and execution could continue without sending anything to the client.



            If you move the



            create table #t(id int)


            into the stored procedure it outputs:



            Numer of rows in temp table 1
            Hit any key to exit


            And with the temp table declared inside the procedure, if you change the second query to



            cmd2.CommandText = "select * from #t";


            It fails with:




            'Invalid object name '#t'.'




            Because a #temp table created inside a stored procedure or nested batch is only visible in that stored procedure or batch and in nested procedures and batches that it calls, and is destroyed when the procedure ends.






            share|improve this answer




















            • 1





              As soon as I saw the question title I knew the answer was MARS.

              – Joshua
              1 hour ago











            Your Answer








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            2 Answers
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            2 Answers
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            active

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            active

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            6














            Not concurrently. Your options include:



            • Run the queries one after another in the same session

            • Switch from a temp table to a global temp table (use ##TableName instead of #TableName), but be aware that the global temp table is automatically dropped when the session that created the temp table closes, and there are no other active sessions with a reference to it

            • Switch to a real user table in TempDB - you can create tables there, but be aware that they'll disappear on server restart

            • Switch to a real user table in a user database





            share|improve this answer



























              6














              Not concurrently. Your options include:



              • Run the queries one after another in the same session

              • Switch from a temp table to a global temp table (use ##TableName instead of #TableName), but be aware that the global temp table is automatically dropped when the session that created the temp table closes, and there are no other active sessions with a reference to it

              • Switch to a real user table in TempDB - you can create tables there, but be aware that they'll disappear on server restart

              • Switch to a real user table in a user database





              share|improve this answer

























                6












                6








                6







                Not concurrently. Your options include:



                • Run the queries one after another in the same session

                • Switch from a temp table to a global temp table (use ##TableName instead of #TableName), but be aware that the global temp table is automatically dropped when the session that created the temp table closes, and there are no other active sessions with a reference to it

                • Switch to a real user table in TempDB - you can create tables there, but be aware that they'll disappear on server restart

                • Switch to a real user table in a user database





                share|improve this answer













                Not concurrently. Your options include:



                • Run the queries one after another in the same session

                • Switch from a temp table to a global temp table (use ##TableName instead of #TableName), but be aware that the global temp table is automatically dropped when the session that created the temp table closes, and there are no other active sessions with a reference to it

                • Switch to a real user table in TempDB - you can create tables there, but be aware that they'll disappear on server restart

                • Switch to a real user table in a user database






                share|improve this answer












                share|improve this answer



                share|improve this answer










                answered 6 hours ago









                Brent OzarBrent Ozar

                35.9k19112247




                35.9k19112247























                    8














                    While Brent's answer is correct for for all practical purposes, and this is not something I've ever seen someone worry about, it is possible for multiple invocations of a stored procedure in a session to affect each other through a session-scoped #temp table.



                    The good news is it's extremely unlikely to happen in the wild because



                    1) #Temp tables declared inside a stored procedures or nested batches don't actually have session visibility (or lifetime). And these are by far the most common case.



                    2) It requires MultipleActiveResultsets and either some very strange async client programming, or for the stored procedure to return a resultset in the middle, and the client to call another instance of the stored procedure while processing the results from the first.



                    Here's a cooked-up example:



                    using System;
                    using System.Data.SqlClient;

                    namespace ado.nettest

                    class Program

                    static void Main(string[] args)

                    using (var con = new SqlConnection("Server=localhost;database=tempdb;integrated security=true;MultipleActiveResultSets = True"))

                    con.Open();

                    var procDdl = @"
                    create table #t(id int)
                    exec ('
                    create procedure #foo
                    as
                    begin
                    insert into #t(id) values (1);
                    select top 10000 * from sys.messages m, sys.messages m2;
                    select count(*) rc from #t;
                    delete from #t;
                    end
                    ');
                    ";
                    var cmdDDL = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmdDDL.CommandText = procDdl;
                    cmdDDL.ExecuteNonQuery();

                    var cmd = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmd.CommandText = "exec #foo";
                    using (var rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader())

                    rdr.Read();

                    var cmd2 = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmd2.CommandText = "exec #foo";
                    using (var rdr2 = cmd2.ExecuteReader())




                    while (rdr.Read())



                    rdr.NextResult();
                    rdr.Read();
                    var rc = rdr.GetInt32(0);
                    Console.WriteLine($"Numer of rows in temp table rc");






                    Console.WriteLine("Hit any key to exit");
                    Console.ReadKey();





                    which outputs



                    Numer of rows in temp table 0
                    Hit any key to exit


                    because the second invocation of the stored procedure inserted a row, and then deleted all the rows from #t while the first invocation was waiting for the client to fetch the rows from its first resultset. Note that if the first resultset was small, the rows might get buffered and execution could continue without sending anything to the client.



                    If you move the



                    create table #t(id int)


                    into the stored procedure it outputs:



                    Numer of rows in temp table 1
                    Hit any key to exit


                    And with the temp table declared inside the procedure, if you change the second query to



                    cmd2.CommandText = "select * from #t";


                    It fails with:




                    'Invalid object name '#t'.'




                    Because a #temp table created inside a stored procedure or nested batch is only visible in that stored procedure or batch and in nested procedures and batches that it calls, and is destroyed when the procedure ends.






                    share|improve this answer




















                    • 1





                      As soon as I saw the question title I knew the answer was MARS.

                      – Joshua
                      1 hour ago















                    8














                    While Brent's answer is correct for for all practical purposes, and this is not something I've ever seen someone worry about, it is possible for multiple invocations of a stored procedure in a session to affect each other through a session-scoped #temp table.



                    The good news is it's extremely unlikely to happen in the wild because



                    1) #Temp tables declared inside a stored procedures or nested batches don't actually have session visibility (or lifetime). And these are by far the most common case.



                    2) It requires MultipleActiveResultsets and either some very strange async client programming, or for the stored procedure to return a resultset in the middle, and the client to call another instance of the stored procedure while processing the results from the first.



                    Here's a cooked-up example:



                    using System;
                    using System.Data.SqlClient;

                    namespace ado.nettest

                    class Program

                    static void Main(string[] args)

                    using (var con = new SqlConnection("Server=localhost;database=tempdb;integrated security=true;MultipleActiveResultSets = True"))

                    con.Open();

                    var procDdl = @"
                    create table #t(id int)
                    exec ('
                    create procedure #foo
                    as
                    begin
                    insert into #t(id) values (1);
                    select top 10000 * from sys.messages m, sys.messages m2;
                    select count(*) rc from #t;
                    delete from #t;
                    end
                    ');
                    ";
                    var cmdDDL = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmdDDL.CommandText = procDdl;
                    cmdDDL.ExecuteNonQuery();

                    var cmd = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmd.CommandText = "exec #foo";
                    using (var rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader())

                    rdr.Read();

                    var cmd2 = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmd2.CommandText = "exec #foo";
                    using (var rdr2 = cmd2.ExecuteReader())




                    while (rdr.Read())



                    rdr.NextResult();
                    rdr.Read();
                    var rc = rdr.GetInt32(0);
                    Console.WriteLine($"Numer of rows in temp table rc");






                    Console.WriteLine("Hit any key to exit");
                    Console.ReadKey();





                    which outputs



                    Numer of rows in temp table 0
                    Hit any key to exit


                    because the second invocation of the stored procedure inserted a row, and then deleted all the rows from #t while the first invocation was waiting for the client to fetch the rows from its first resultset. Note that if the first resultset was small, the rows might get buffered and execution could continue without sending anything to the client.



                    If you move the



                    create table #t(id int)


                    into the stored procedure it outputs:



                    Numer of rows in temp table 1
                    Hit any key to exit


                    And with the temp table declared inside the procedure, if you change the second query to



                    cmd2.CommandText = "select * from #t";


                    It fails with:




                    'Invalid object name '#t'.'




                    Because a #temp table created inside a stored procedure or nested batch is only visible in that stored procedure or batch and in nested procedures and batches that it calls, and is destroyed when the procedure ends.






                    share|improve this answer




















                    • 1





                      As soon as I saw the question title I knew the answer was MARS.

                      – Joshua
                      1 hour ago













                    8












                    8








                    8







                    While Brent's answer is correct for for all practical purposes, and this is not something I've ever seen someone worry about, it is possible for multiple invocations of a stored procedure in a session to affect each other through a session-scoped #temp table.



                    The good news is it's extremely unlikely to happen in the wild because



                    1) #Temp tables declared inside a stored procedures or nested batches don't actually have session visibility (or lifetime). And these are by far the most common case.



                    2) It requires MultipleActiveResultsets and either some very strange async client programming, or for the stored procedure to return a resultset in the middle, and the client to call another instance of the stored procedure while processing the results from the first.



                    Here's a cooked-up example:



                    using System;
                    using System.Data.SqlClient;

                    namespace ado.nettest

                    class Program

                    static void Main(string[] args)

                    using (var con = new SqlConnection("Server=localhost;database=tempdb;integrated security=true;MultipleActiveResultSets = True"))

                    con.Open();

                    var procDdl = @"
                    create table #t(id int)
                    exec ('
                    create procedure #foo
                    as
                    begin
                    insert into #t(id) values (1);
                    select top 10000 * from sys.messages m, sys.messages m2;
                    select count(*) rc from #t;
                    delete from #t;
                    end
                    ');
                    ";
                    var cmdDDL = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmdDDL.CommandText = procDdl;
                    cmdDDL.ExecuteNonQuery();

                    var cmd = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmd.CommandText = "exec #foo";
                    using (var rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader())

                    rdr.Read();

                    var cmd2 = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmd2.CommandText = "exec #foo";
                    using (var rdr2 = cmd2.ExecuteReader())




                    while (rdr.Read())



                    rdr.NextResult();
                    rdr.Read();
                    var rc = rdr.GetInt32(0);
                    Console.WriteLine($"Numer of rows in temp table rc");






                    Console.WriteLine("Hit any key to exit");
                    Console.ReadKey();





                    which outputs



                    Numer of rows in temp table 0
                    Hit any key to exit


                    because the second invocation of the stored procedure inserted a row, and then deleted all the rows from #t while the first invocation was waiting for the client to fetch the rows from its first resultset. Note that if the first resultset was small, the rows might get buffered and execution could continue without sending anything to the client.



                    If you move the



                    create table #t(id int)


                    into the stored procedure it outputs:



                    Numer of rows in temp table 1
                    Hit any key to exit


                    And with the temp table declared inside the procedure, if you change the second query to



                    cmd2.CommandText = "select * from #t";


                    It fails with:




                    'Invalid object name '#t'.'




                    Because a #temp table created inside a stored procedure or nested batch is only visible in that stored procedure or batch and in nested procedures and batches that it calls, and is destroyed when the procedure ends.






                    share|improve this answer















                    While Brent's answer is correct for for all practical purposes, and this is not something I've ever seen someone worry about, it is possible for multiple invocations of a stored procedure in a session to affect each other through a session-scoped #temp table.



                    The good news is it's extremely unlikely to happen in the wild because



                    1) #Temp tables declared inside a stored procedures or nested batches don't actually have session visibility (or lifetime). And these are by far the most common case.



                    2) It requires MultipleActiveResultsets and either some very strange async client programming, or for the stored procedure to return a resultset in the middle, and the client to call another instance of the stored procedure while processing the results from the first.



                    Here's a cooked-up example:



                    using System;
                    using System.Data.SqlClient;

                    namespace ado.nettest

                    class Program

                    static void Main(string[] args)

                    using (var con = new SqlConnection("Server=localhost;database=tempdb;integrated security=true;MultipleActiveResultSets = True"))

                    con.Open();

                    var procDdl = @"
                    create table #t(id int)
                    exec ('
                    create procedure #foo
                    as
                    begin
                    insert into #t(id) values (1);
                    select top 10000 * from sys.messages m, sys.messages m2;
                    select count(*) rc from #t;
                    delete from #t;
                    end
                    ');
                    ";
                    var cmdDDL = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmdDDL.CommandText = procDdl;
                    cmdDDL.ExecuteNonQuery();

                    var cmd = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmd.CommandText = "exec #foo";
                    using (var rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader())

                    rdr.Read();

                    var cmd2 = con.CreateCommand();
                    cmd2.CommandText = "exec #foo";
                    using (var rdr2 = cmd2.ExecuteReader())




                    while (rdr.Read())



                    rdr.NextResult();
                    rdr.Read();
                    var rc = rdr.GetInt32(0);
                    Console.WriteLine($"Numer of rows in temp table rc");






                    Console.WriteLine("Hit any key to exit");
                    Console.ReadKey();





                    which outputs



                    Numer of rows in temp table 0
                    Hit any key to exit


                    because the second invocation of the stored procedure inserted a row, and then deleted all the rows from #t while the first invocation was waiting for the client to fetch the rows from its first resultset. Note that if the first resultset was small, the rows might get buffered and execution could continue without sending anything to the client.



                    If you move the



                    create table #t(id int)


                    into the stored procedure it outputs:



                    Numer of rows in temp table 1
                    Hit any key to exit


                    And with the temp table declared inside the procedure, if you change the second query to



                    cmd2.CommandText = "select * from #t";


                    It fails with:




                    'Invalid object name '#t'.'




                    Because a #temp table created inside a stored procedure or nested batch is only visible in that stored procedure or batch and in nested procedures and batches that it calls, and is destroyed when the procedure ends.







                    share|improve this answer














                    share|improve this answer



                    share|improve this answer








                    edited 4 mins ago

























                    answered 1 hour ago









                    David Browne - MicrosoftDavid Browne - Microsoft

                    12.5k729




                    12.5k729







                    • 1





                      As soon as I saw the question title I knew the answer was MARS.

                      – Joshua
                      1 hour ago












                    • 1





                      As soon as I saw the question title I knew the answer was MARS.

                      – Joshua
                      1 hour ago







                    1




                    1





                    As soon as I saw the question title I knew the answer was MARS.

                    – Joshua
                    1 hour ago





                    As soon as I saw the question title I knew the answer was MARS.

                    – Joshua
                    1 hour ago

















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