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Multi tool use
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FeminismPerekondSotsioloogiaSotsiaalpsühholoogia


normidetraditsioonidestmeessoostnaissoostühiskondisugupooliprestiižilevõimuleJudith LorbertajutakseÜksikisikusootunnusteleidentiteedileoperatsioonisotsialiseerumiselapsisadeleemadeleperekonnaametiteleühiskondliku arvamusega










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Sooroll




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Sooroll (inglise keeles gender role) on teatud normide kogum, mida sõltuvalt kultuurilistest traditsioonidest omistatakse üksikisikule või inimeste grupile vastavalt sellele, kas nad on meessoost või naissoost. Enamik ühiskondi klassifitseerib sugupooli vastavalt prestiižile ja võimule ning loob nad ebavõrdsetena. Ühiskondlikud muutused kajastuvad ka sugupoole ideoloogias ning sugupool ning soorollid konstrueeritakse ajas ümber.


Judith Lorber on väitnud, et "Sugupoole sotsiaalses konstruktsioonis ei loe see, mida mehed ja naised tegelikult teevad, see ei loe isegi siis, kui nad teevad täpselt samu asju. Sugupoole sotsiaalne institutsioon sisendab üksnes, et seda, mida nad teevad tajutakse erinevalt." [1]


Üksikisiku jaoks määratakse tema sooroll ehk sookategooria alates sünnist vastavalt tema sootunnustele, millest saab tema sugupoole identiteedi aluseks. Kui indiviidi sookategooria ei vasta tema identiteedile, võib ta oma sookategooriat muuta näiteks vastava operatsiooni teel.


Inimese enda seostamine konkreetse sugupoolega kujuneb välja sotsialiseerumise protsessi varases staadiumis, kus laps õpib sugupoole erinevusi ja ootusi täiskasvanutelt, kes teadlikult või alateadlikult kohtlevad teda vastavalt tema sookuuluvusele. Sugupoole identiteet ja sotsialiseerimine loovad arusaama vastavatest soorollidest ehk ühiskondlikult aktsepteeritud ja ootuspärasest sugupoolekohasest käitumisest. Poistele õpetatakse maskuliinset, tüdrukutele feminiinset käitumist.


Paljudes riikides on erinevaid ühiskonna ootused isadele ja emadele. Isa esmaseks kohustuseks peetakse perekonna rahalist kindlustamist ja emalt oodatakse pigem emotsionaalset osalust [2]. Perekond on institutsioon, kus naistel on potentsiaalselt suuremad võimuressursid, seda just võimena siduda endaga teisi pereliikmeid, eelkõige lapsi. Mehi vaadeldakse pigem avalikku fääri kuuluvatena ja seetõttu on nad perekonnast suhteliselt eraldunud, kuigi Lääne ühiskond määratleb traditsiooniliselt perekonnapeana meest.


Täiskasvanud suunatakse erinevatele ametitele, lähtuvalt arusaamadest naiselike ja mehelike elukutsete kohta. Inimesed õpivad kogu oma elu jooksul sotsiaalse interaktsiooni käigus, mida neilt oodatakse ja nad käituvad ja reageerivad ootuspärasel viisil, et mitte sattuda vastuollu ühiskondliku arvamusega.



Viited |




  1. ↑ J. Lorber. 1994. Paradoxes of Gender. Yale University Press


  2. ↑ N. Chodorow. 1978. Reproduction of Mothering. University of California Press










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