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orgaaniliste aineteanorgaanilisteks aineteksCO2H2ONH3mikroorganismideorgaanilised ühendidselgroogseteluudpaleoantropoloogidluustikuinimese evolutsiooniveehapnikutemperatuurVaakumisbiosfääriEluuniversumisabiootiline lagunemineultraviolettkiirgusgammakiirgusradioaktiivsus










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Bioloogiline lagunemine




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Bioloogiline lagunemine ehk biolagunemine ehk biodegradatsioon on orgaaniliste ainete muundumine lihtsateks anorgaanilisteks aineteks (CO2, H2O, NH3) mikroorganismide toimel.[1]Erinevad orgaanilised ühendid lagunevad erineva kiirusega. Elusloodusele võõrad orgaanilised ühendid, orgaanilise keemia saadused nagu plastid, polüetüleenkile jne ei lagune looduslikus aineringes nagu orgaanilised ained. Nende lagunemine toimub oluliselt pikema aja jooksul. Sellepärast saastavad, reostavad nad loodust. Ka teokarbid ja selgroogsete luud lagunevad aeglaselt. Luustike järgi saab uurida kauges minevikus toimunut. Nii näiteks uurivad paleoantropoloogid säilinud luustiku põhjal inimese evolutsiooni.


Biolagunemise kiirus oleneb keskkonnast, kus lagunev aine asub. Oluline on just vee ja hapniku sisaldus selles, samuti temperatuur. Vaakumis ja madalal (või vastupidi väga kõrgel) temperatuuril, kus mikrooragnismide elutegevus peatub, bioloogiline lagunemine ka lõppeb. Bioloogiline lagunemine vajab eluks võimalikku keskkonda (biosfääri keskkonda). Elu võibki defineerida kui sobivat, piisavalt stabiilset keskkonda universumis, kus on võimalik elusorganismide bioloogiline lagunemine. Bioloogilisele lagunemisele vastandub abiootiline lagunemine, lagunemine ilma elusorganismide abita. (Abiootilist lagunemist põhjustab ultraviolettkiirgus, gammakiirgus, radioaktiivsus jne.) Kui mingi aine võib laguneda mikroorganismide kaudu, nimetatakse seda biolagunevuseks (võimeks bioloogiliselt laguneda, inglise biodegradability).



Lagundamise aeg |































Ligikaudne aeg, mis on vajalik erinevate ühendite lagundamiseks mere keskkonnas

Produkt
Aeg
Õuna südamik1–2 kuud
Tavaline paber1–3 kuud
Paberrätik2–4 nädalat
Pappkarp2 kuud
Puuvillriie5 kuud
Plastkattega piimapakk5 aastat
Vahaga kaetud piimapakk3 kuud
Plekkpurk50–100 aastat
Alumiiniumist purk150–200 aastat
Klaaspudelmääratlemata(igaveseks)
Kilekott10–20 aastat
Pehme plast (pudel)100 aastat
Kõva plast (pudeli kork)400 aastat


Vaata ka |


  • aeroobne lagunemine

  • aineringe

  • anaeroobne lagunemine

  • abiootiline lagunemine

  • biolagunevad jäätmed

  • biolagunevad polümeerid

  • jäätmekäitlus

  • katabolism

  • lagundajad

  • saastamine


Viited |




  1. ↑ Keskkonnasõnaraamat 2004 [1] (vaadatud 11.08.2011)










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