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faasiprotsesstahkevedelikukstahkuminekülmumineTemperatuurisulamistemperatuurikstahkumineenergiatfunktsioonileTermodünaamiliseltGibbsi vabaenergiaentroopiasentalpiasrõhkude










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Sulamine




Allikas: Vikipeedia

(Ümber suunatud leheküljelt Sulatamine)





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Sulamine on aine faasi muutumise protsess, kus tahke aine muutub kuumutamisel vedelikuks. Tahke aine muutmist vedelikuks nimetatakse sulatamiseks.


Sulamise vastandprotsess on tahkumine (vee puhul külmumine)


Temperatuuri, kus sulamine toimub, nimetatakse sulamistemperatuuriks. Vastupidine protsess sulamisele on tahkumine, kus vedelik muutub tagasi tahkiseks. Temperatuur, kus toimub sulamine ja tahkumine, on üldiselt samad.


Aine sulatamiseks on vaja kulutada energiat ning aine tahkumisel eraldub energia vastavalt funktsioonile


ΔQ=λ⋅mdisplaystyle Delta Q=lambda cdot m


  • kus ΔQdisplaystyle mathbf Delta Q on sulamiseks või tahkumiseks vajalik soojushulk ehk energia hulk J


  • λdisplaystyle mathbf lambda on aine sulamissoojus J/kg


  • m on aine mass kg

Termodünaamiliselt on sulamishetkel Gibbsi vabaenergia muut (ΔGdisplaystyle Delta G) null, kuna toimub kasv aine entroopias ja entalpias.
ΔS=ΔHTdisplaystyle Delta S=frac Delta HT


Sellest hoolimata toimub sulamine seetõttu, et tekkiva vedeliku vabaenergia on väiksem kui tahke oleku vabaenergia. Sulamine ja tahkumine toimub erinevate rõhkude korral erinevatel temperatuuridel.



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  • Sulamissoojus



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