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Vapp Sisukord Ajalugu | Näiteid | Vaata ka | Välislingid | NavigeerimismenüüWappenlexikon.de – maailma riikide vapidHeraldique européenneBaltisches Wappenbuch

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VapidHeraldikaSümboolika


heraldikaisikriikvalitsejamaakondlinnvaldäriühingsõjaväeüksusteLääne-Euroopas12. sajandilristirüütlitekilperaudrüürüütellahingutesturniiridelkiivergooti stiilisHeeroldidlippudelpitsatitelrõivastelaadlitiitlimaavaldustegaperekonnavapidsugukonnavapidvalitsejate vapidlinnavapidlinnaõigusegamaavapidriigivapid13. sajandillinnapitsat16. sajandirenessanss-stiilileSaksa-Rooma riigiAustria vappMehhiko vappSeišellide vappWisconsiniRootsi riigi vapppostmargilTransehe-RoseneckideJaungulbene mõisaBlairi lossiBenckendorffideLjubljanaTartu vappJohann Christoph BrotzeTallinna täisvappTallinna raekojaKiili valla vappkõnelev vappEesti Üliõpilaste SeltsiFraternitas Viliensise









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Vapp


Allikas: Vikipeedia

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Wrangellide vapp-epitaaf Ridala kirikus


Vapp on heraldika reeglite järgi keskaegse relvastuse elementidest koostatud embleem, mida isik (näiteks riik, valitseja, maakond, linn, vald, äriühing, sugukond (suguvõsa), perekond või üksikisik) kasutab püsiva tunnusena.


Uuemal ajal nimetatakse vappideks ka (eriti riikide) embleeme, mis ei ole koostatud heraldika reeglite järgi.


Ka tänapäevaste sõjaväeüksuste embleemid võivad olla vapikujulised ja järgida heraldika reegleid.




Sisukord





  • 1 Ajalugu


  • 2 Näiteid


  • 3 Vaata ka


  • 4 Välislingid




Ajalugu |





Drentelnite suguvõsavapp


Vapid tekkisid Lääne-Euroopas 12. sajandil, kui ristirüütlite kilpe hakati kaunistama värviliste maalingutega. Värvilised sümboolsed kilbimärgised olid kaugele nähtavad, mistõttu raudrüü alla varjuv rüütel oli äratuntav. Rüütlid hakkasid oma vappi kandma nii lahingutes kui ka turniiridel. Vapi põhielementideks kujunes kilp ja kiiver, algselt gooti stiilis.


Heeroldid hakkasid koostama ja kirjeldama rüütlite isikuvappe. Vappe hakati kasutama ka lippudel, pitsatitel, rõivastel ja muudel esemetel. Vappide hulga suurenemine tingis kindlate reeglite koostamise. Teoreetiliselt ei tohiks olla kahte täiesti ühesugust vappi. Konkreetse isikuga seotud vapp muutus pärandatavaks.


Valitsejatel oli õigus anda teenete eest vapikandmise õigus, sageli koos aadlitiitli ja maavaldustega. Sellisest vapist kujunes privilegeeritud isiku staatuse tunnus. Nii tekkisid perekonnavapid, sugukonnavapid, valitsejate vapid, linnavapid (anti või kinnistati koos linnaõigusega), maavapid (millest arenesid välja riigivapid).


13. sajandil levima hakanud linnapitsat oli ei pruukinud olla seotud hilisema linnavapiga. Linnapitsatitel kujutati tihti väravaid, müüri, linnavaateid, kaitsepühakuid jne. Hiljem võidi pitsatipilt kasutusele võtta vapina.


16. sajandi alguses toimus üleminek renessanss-stiilile, mis andis ruumi vappide kunstilisele arengule. Vapikilbi figuure stiliseeriti kunstiliselt, senised ranged vormid ja nad muutusid elegantsemaks. Vapi stiliseeritud kujundid võimaldasid edasi anda isikuomadusi, aateid, ideid, rahvuslikku ja riiklikku kuuluvust, nõudmata lugemisoskust ega keeletundmist.



Näiteid |





  • Saksa-Rooma riigi vapp, millel on keisririiki kuuluvate piirkondade vapid







  • Austria vapp







  • Mehhiko vapp







  • Seišellide vapp







  • Wisconsini osariigi vapp 1876. aastal







  • Rootsi riigi vapp 1855. aasta postmargil







  • Transehe-Roseneckide vapp Jaungulbene mõisa peahoonel







  • Blairi lossi omanike vapp lossiväraval







  • Vapp Benckendorffide kabeli tammepuidust uksel







  • Ljubljana linna vapp







  • Tartu vapp Johann Christoph Brotze kujutatuna







  • Tallinna täisvapp Tallinna raekoja seinal







  • Kiili valla vapp on kõnelev vapp







  • Eesti Üliõpilaste Seltsi (täpsemalt Fraternitas Viliensise) vapp





Vaata ka |


  • Eesti vapp

  • Maailma riikide vapid

  • Linnade vapid

  • Haldusüksuste vapid

  • Aadlisuguvõsade vapid

  • Üliõpilasorganisatsioonide vapid

  • Riigivapp


Välislingid |


  • Wappenlexikon.de – maailma riikide vapid

  • Heraldique européenne


  • Baltisches Wappenbuch.Teos digiteerituna digitaalarhiivis DIGAR



Pärit leheküljelt "https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vapp&oldid=5224798"





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