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20. sajand VenemaalKommunism


vene keelesVenemaa Sotsiaaldemokraatliku TöölisparteiVSDTP II Kongressil1903Vladimir Leninmenševikeksvähemlasteksklassivõitlusestproletariaadi diktatuuriGeorgi PlehhanovVSDTP VI Kongressil1912NLKP










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Bolševikud




Allikas: Vikipeedia

(Ümber suunatud leheküljelt Bolševik)





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Disambig gray.svg See artikkel räägib Venemaa Sotsiaaldemokraatliku Töölispartei radikaalse tiiva esindajatest; teiste tähenduste kohta vaata Bolševik (täpsustus)
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Artiklid teemal
Marksism
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Sotsioloogia ja antropoloogia


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Majandusteadus


  • Marksistlik ökonoomika

  • Väärtusseadus

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Ajalugu


  • Kapitalistlik tootmine

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Tuntud marksistid


  • Karl Marx

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  • Rosa Luxemburg

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  • Lev Trotski

  • Antonio Gramsci

  • Mao Zedong

  • György Lukács

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Bolševikud ehk enamlased (vene keeles большевики) olid Venemaa Sotsiaaldemokraatliku Töölispartei radikaalse tiiva esindajad. VSDTP II Kongressil 1903. aastal said radikaalsed sotsiaaldemokraadid, keda juhtis Vladimir Lenin, partei keskorgani valmisel häälteenamuse. Sellest tulebki nimetus "enamlased". Vähemusse jäänud vastaseid hakati nimetama menševikeks ehk vähemlasteks.
Sotsiaaldemokraadid hindasid aastatel 1905–1907 alanud revolutsioonilist liikumist kui kodanlik-demokraatlikku revolutsiooni, mis oli suunatud tsaari isevalitsuse nõrgestamisele, mitte aga klassivõitlusest lähtuvat proletariaadi diktatuuri kehtestamisele. Bolševike arvates pidi antud revolutsiooniline liikumine üle kasvama sotsialistlikuks, menševikud aga arvasid, et Venemaa peab enne sotsialismi läbima rea reforme. Samuti olid bolševikud ja menševikud eriarvamusel VSDTP organisatsioonilise ülesehituse suhtes: bolševikud ja Lenin arvasid, et partei peab olema rangelt tsentraliseeritud, sõjaväetüüpi organisatsioon, mis võimaldaks saavutada peale taktikaliste eesmärkide ka strateegilisi eesmärke (proletariaadi maailmarevolutsioon jne).


Menševike juht oli Georgi Plehhanov.


Bolševikud pidasid erinevalt menševikest revolutsiooonilise liikumise peajõuks töölisklassi, proletariaadi diktatuuri võimu aluseks ja sotsialismi ehitamise põhitingimuseks pidasid nad töölisklassi ja talurahva liitu.


Enamlaste võitlus vähemalaste vastu lõppes VSDTP VI Kongressil 1912. aastal sellega, et vähemlased heideti parteist välja.



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