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Prantsuse füüsikudKeiserliku Peterburi Teaduste Akadeemia liikmedSündinud 1775Surnud 1836


20. jaanuar177510. juuni1836prantsusefüüsikmatemaatikelektromagnetismiSI-süsteemielektrivooluamperelektrielektromagnetismielektrodünaamikaksH. C. Ørsted'iElektromagnetismRootsi Kuningliku Teaduste AkadeemiaMarseilleMontmartrePariisis










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André-Marie Ampère




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André-Marie Ampère


André-Marie Ampère (20. jaanuar 1775 – 10. juuni 1836) oli prantsuse füüsik ja matemaatik. Teda peetakse üheks peamiseks elektromagnetismi avastajaks. SI-süsteemi elektrivoolu mõõtühik amper on nimetuse saanud Ampère'i järgi.


Ampère'i kuulsus seisneb peamiselt elektri ja magnetismi vaheliste seoste avastamisel ja elektromagnetismi arendamisel. Ampère nimetas seda teadust elektrodünaamikaks. 11. septembril 1820 kuulis ta H. C. Ørsted'i avastusest, et magnetnõela mõjutab elektrivool. Vaid nädal hiljem, 18. septembril avaldas Ampère uurimistöö, milles oli taoliste nähtuste kohta palju põhjalikum kirjeldus. Samal päeval demonstreeris Ampère, et paralleelsed elektrivooluga juhtmed tõmbuvad või tõukuvad teineteisest, sõltuvalt sellest kas elektrivoolud juhtmetes on samasuunalised või vastassuunalised. Kõik see pani aluse elektrodünaamikale kui teadusele.


Elektromagnetism arenes edasi, Ampère tegi avastusi temale omase huvi ja hoolega, ning töötas välja matemaatilise teooria, mis seletas elektromagnetilisi nähtusi ja samuti ennustas paljusid teisi seni avastamata nähtusi.


1828. aastal valiti ta Rootsi Kuningliku Teaduste Akadeemia külalisliikmeks.




Ampère'i ja tema poja haud


Ampère suri Marseille'is ja ta maeti Montmartre'i kalmistule Pariisis.


Ampère'i viimane töö, mis avaldati postuumselt, oli Essai sur la philosophie des sciences, ou exposition analytique d'une classification naturelle de toutes les connaissances humaines ("Essee teadusfilosoofiast ehk inimteadmiste loomuliku klassifikatsiooni analüütiline käsitlus").



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  • André-Marie Ampère valiti 1828. aastal Rootsi Kuningliku Teaduste Akadeemia välisliikmeks.


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  • James Clerk Maxwell

  • Hans Christian Ørsted




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