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Resonaator Vaata ka | Välislingid | NavigeerimismenüüResonator

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FüüsikaAkustika


füüsikasresonantsisagedus










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Resonaator




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Resonaator (ladina keeles resonare 'vastu kajama') on füüsikas keha või kehade süsteem, mis on võimeline hakkama välise ergutuse toimel võnkuma resonantsi tõttu. Enamasti tekitab resonaator harmoonilisi (siinusfunktsioonikohaseid) võnkumisi, mille sagedus on määratud võnkuva süsteemi parameetritega. Eristatakse järgmiseid resonaatoreid:



  • Akustiline resonaator on näiteks helihark ja pillikeel. Akustilise õõsresonaatori moodustab osaliselt avatud õhumaht, nagu see on oreliviles või viiuli kõlakastis, samuti mõlemast otsast avatud torus, näiteks bassireflekskõlari invertertorus.

  • Elektromehaanilise resonaatorina on tuntuim kvartsresonaator (näiteks elektronkellas on kellakvarts omavõnkesagedusega 32 768 hertsi).

  • Elektromagnetiline resonaator koosneb mahtuvusest ja induktiivsusest. Levinuim elektriline resonaator on kondensaatorist ja induktiivpoolist koosnev võnkering. Mikrolainete piirkonnas kasutatakse pooli asemel kahest rööbitisest elektrijuhist koosnevat liinilõiku. Niisugune ühest otsast lühistatud liinilõik avaldab lahtises otsas induktiivtakistust. Seega võib liinilõiku vaadelda ühe keeruga poolina. Kui ühendada liinilõigu lahtisse otsa kondensaator, saadaksegi võnkering. Kondensaator võib ka puududa, kui resonantsi saavutamiseks piisab liinilõigu omamahtuvusest.
  • Elektromagnetilise resonaatori eriliik on õõsresonaator ‒ metallseintega ümbritsetud suletud ruum, mida võib käsitada mõlemast otsast lühistatud lainejuhtmena. Ruumi mõõtmed ja kuju määravad selle ruumi seintelt peegelduva elektromagnetlaine resonantsisageduse. Niisugust õõsresonaatorit kasutatakse mikrolainete genereerimise seadistes (näiteks magnetronis).

  • Optiline resonaator vastastikku asetsevate peeglitega leiab rakendamist lasereis.


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