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Induktiivsus Vaata ka | Välislingid | NavigeerimismenüüInduktiivsusInduktiivsusElektriahelad: 2.2.4 Vastastikune induktiivsus

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Multi tool use

Füüsikalised suurusedElektromagnetism


elektromagnetilist induktsioonifüüsikaline suurusHeinrich LenzipoolilmagnetvooguvoolueneseinduktsioonisagedusegainduktiivtakistusvooluringisamperEneseinduktsioonilvastastikuse induktsioonihenrimagnetvoogamagnetilisest läbitavusestInduktiivpool










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Induktiivsus




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Suuruse nimiinduktiivsus
Suuruse tähis
L

SI-süsteemi ühiku nimi
henri
SI ühiku tähisH

Induktiivsus on elektromagnetilist induktsiooni iseloomustav füüsikaline suurus. Induktiivsuse tähis on L (tõenäoliselt Heinrich Lenzi nime järgi).




Vooluga pooli ümbritsev magnetväli


Igal juhtmel, poolil jm juhtival kontuuril on teatav induktiivsus, sest neid läbiva vooluga kaasneb alati magnetväli:


Φ=LI.displaystyle Phi =L,I.

Siin on induktiivsus L võrdetegur magnetvoogu Φ põhjustava voolu I vahel.


Induktiivsus avaldub võimena takistada eneseinduktsiooni tõttu voolu muutumist. Näiteks mida suurem on pooli induktiivsus, seda aeglasemalt alalisvool sisselülitamise järel poolis tugevneb. Vahelduvvooluahelas suureneb koos induktiivsuse ja sagedusega pooli induktiivtakistus.


Matemaatiliselt saab induktiivsust L väljendada induktsiooni elektromotoorjõu E ja voolu muutumise kiiruse dI/dt suhtena:


L=EdI/dt.displaystyle L=frac Emathrm d I/mathrm d t.

Valemist tuleneb, et induktiivsus on arvuliselt võrdne induktsiooni elektromotoorjõuga (voltides) vooluringis, milles vool muutub kiirusega üks amper sekundis.


Eneseinduktsioonil põhineva induktiivsuse kohta kasutatakse mõnikord ka nimetust eneseinduktiivsus ehk endainduktiivsus (tähis L).


Juhul kui voolu muutus ühes kontuuris (näiteks trafo mähises) indutseerib vastastikuse induktsiooni teel elektromotoorjõu ka teises kontuuris (teises mähises), on tegemist vastastikuse induktiivsusega. Vastastikuse induktiivsuse tähis on M või Lmn , mõõtühik ikka henri.


Induktiivsus sõltub elektrijuhtide mõõtmetest ja kujust, magnetvooga ahelduvate keerdude arvust ning keskkonna magnetilisest läbitavusest, vastastikune induktiivsus lisaks juhtide omavahelisest kaugusest ja asendist.


Induktiivsuse arvutusvalemeid vt Induktiivpool.



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