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Carl Friedrich Gauss Sisukord Elulugu | Tunnustus | Viited | Kirjandus | Navigeerimismenüüajakirja kodulehel

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Saksamaa matemaatikudSaksamaa astronoomidSaksamaa füüsikudSündinud 1777Surnud 1855


30. aprill1777Braunschweig23. veebruar1855Göttingensaksamatemaatikastronoompolühistorfüüsikimelapseksteadusearvuteooriastatistikamatemaatiline analüüsdiferentsiaalgeomeetriageodeesiageofüüsikaelektrostaatikaastronoomiaoptikaimelapsteismelisenaDisquisitiones Arithmeticae30. aprillil1777Braunschweigi174418081743183918031809Tartu ÜlikooliGeorg Friedrich Parrot17671852J. W. A. PfaffGöttingeniGöttingeniHeinrich Christian Schumacheri17801850Johann Sigismund Huth17631818










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Carl Friedrich Gauss




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Carl Friedrich Gauss

Carl Friedrich Gauss.jpg
Carl Friedrich Gauss

Sündinud
30. aprill 1777
Braunschweig
Surnud
23. veebruar 1855 (77-aastaselt)
Göttingen
Rahvus
sakslane
Haridus
Braunschweigi Tehnikaülikool
Göttingeni ülikool
Helmstedti Ülikool
Teaduskarjäär
Tegevusala(d)
Matemaatika
Füüsika
Töökohad
Göttingeni ülikool
Autasud
Copley medal (1838)
Allkiri

Carl Friedrich Gauß signature.svg

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (30. aprill 1777 Braunschweig – 23. veebruar 1855 Göttingen) oli saksa matemaatik, astronoom, polühistor ja füüsik. Gaussi peetakse oma varajase matemaatilise võimekuse tõttu imelapseks.


Gauss on olulise panuse andnud paljudesse teaduse valdkondadesse, sealhulgas arvuteooria, statistika, matemaatiline analüüs, diferentsiaalgeomeetria, geodeesia, geofüüsika, elektrostaatika, astronoomia ja optika. Gauss oli imelaps. Ta tegi oma esimesed suuremad matemaatilised avastused teismelisena. Teose "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae" sai ta valmis 1798. aastal 21-aastasena, kuid see avaldati aastal 1801. See pani aluse arvuteooriale kui eraldi teadusele ja on kujundanud seda tänapäevani.




Sisukord





  • 1 Elulugu

    • 1.1 Tartu Ülikooli kandideerimine



  • 2 Tunnustus


  • 3 Viited


  • 4 Kirjandus




Elulugu |


Carl Fr. Gauss sündis 30. aprillil 1777 Braunschweigi linnas vaeses peres. Ta ei saanud läbi oma isa Gebhard Dietrichiga (1744–1808), kes ei pooldanud poja haridusteed, vaid eelistas, et Carl tegeleks pigem käsitööga, näiteks müürsepa või aednikuna. Samas oli Carlil väga hea suhe ema Dorothea Benzega (1743–1839), kes oli kohusetruu, kindla iseloomuga, tark ja alati rõõmsameelne ning kes tundis Gaussi üle suurt uhkust.[1]



Tartu Ülikooli kandideerimine |


Gauss kandideeris aastatel 1803 ja 1809 Tartu Ülikooli astronoomia- ja matemaatikaprofessori kohale.


Esimene kord Tartu Ülikool ei pannud tema kandidatuuri hääletusele, sest rektor professor Georg Friedrich Parrot (1767–1852) soovis leida õppejõude oma tutvusringkonnast, ning esitas kirjaliku avalduse, kus selgitas, et Gauss ei lahku Braunschweigist. Valituks sai Parroti soovi kohaselt J. W. A. Pfaff, kuid kes ei olnud huvitatud teaduslikust tööst ja lahkus võlgu tasumata aastal 1809.


1809. aastal kui Gauss oli pärast hertsogi surma asunud Göttingeni, kandideeris Gauss uuesti. 14 poolt- ja 5 vastuhäälega valiti Gauss ja saadeti talle kutse. Gauss otsustas siiski kutsest keelduda ja tõi välja kaks peamist põhjust: lesel on õigus pensionile alles viie teenistusaasta järel; Göttingeni jäädes saaks ta pensioni kohe ja kursi järgi suuremas summas kui Tartu maksimum. Teiseks, Gaussile ei sobinud, et puhta ja rakendusmatemaatika professuurid on astronoomia omaga ühendatud. Gauss soovis rohkem vabadust teaduslikuks tööks, kuid Tartus oleks ta pidanud suurema osa ajast kulutama matemaatika põhitõdede õpetamisele. Samuti mainis ta ka oma kirjas, et reisikuludeks pakuti 1000 rubla, kuid see ei kataks kulusid, ning pakutud 2500-rublase palgaga halveneks tema olukord vene raha madala väärtuse tõttu, kuid ei pidanud seda niivõrd oluliseks. Gauss soovitas enda asemele doktor Heinrich Christian Schumacheri (1780–1850). Valituks osutus siiski põdur professor Johann Sigismund Huth (1763–1818), kes peamiselt põdes ja Tartus ka suri[2].



Tunnustus |


  • 1821 – valiti Rootsi Kuningliku Teaduste Akadeemia välisliikmeks

  • 1853 – valiti Ameerika Filosoofiaseltsi välisliikmeks


Viited |




  1. ↑ Müürsepp, C. Fr. Gauss, lk 6-7


  2. ↑ Müürsepp, C. Fr. Gauss, lk 48-53



Kirjandus |



  • Peeter Müürsepp, "Gauss and Tartu University" – "Historia mathematica", november 1978, p. 455–459; loetav ka ajakirja kodulehel

  • Peeter Müürsepp, "Poeetide kuningas ja esimene matemaatik" – Horisont 1981, nr 5, lk 30–31


  • Müürsepp, Peeter (1985). Carl Fr. Gauss. Tallinn: Valgus. 

  • 2008: Daniel Kehlmann. Maailma mõõtmine (originaalpealkiri "Die Vermessung der Welt"; ilukirjanduslik fiktiivne topeltbiograafia, mille keskmes on Alexander von Humboldt ja matemaatik Carl Friedrich Gauss). Saksa keelest tõlkinud ja järelsõna kirjutanud Kristel Kaljund. Atlex, Tartu, ISBN 978-9949441358




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