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Ampère'i seadus Viited | Välislingid | NavigeerimismenüürAmpère'i seadusMagnetismKalev Tarkpea, Henn Voolaid. Elektromagnetismi õpik (1.4. Ampère'i seadus)

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ElektromagnetismFüüsikaseadused


jõuAndré-Marie Ampèremagnetväljassiinusegamagnetinduktsioonvasaku käe reegligamagnetinduktsioonivektornjuutonitestesladesampritesmeetritesMaxwelli võrrandid










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Ampère'i seadus




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Elektromagnetism
VFPt Solenoid correct2.svg

Elekter - Magnetism


Elektrostaatika


  • Elektrilaeng

  • Staatiline elekter

  • Coulomb'i seadus

  • Elektrivälja tugevus

  • Elektriline induktsioon

  • Gaussi seadus elektrivälja jaoks

  • Elektrivälja potentsiaal

  • Elektrostaatiline induktsioon

  • Elektriline dipoolmoment

  • Dielektriline polarisatsioon

  • Dielektrik





Magnetostaatika


  • Ampère'i seadus

  • Elektrivool

  • Magnetiline induktsioon

  • Magneetumus

  • Magneetikud

  • Magnetvoog

  • Biot'-Savarti seadus

  • Magnetiline dipoolmoment

  • Gaussi seadus magnetvälja jaoks





Elektrodünaamika


  • Lorentzi jõud

  • Elektromotoorjõud

  • Elektromagnetiline induktsioon

  • Faraday seadus

  • Lenzi reegel

  • Nihkevool

  • Maxwelli võrrandid

  • Elektromagnetväli

  • Elektromagnetiline kiirgus

  • Liénardi-Wiecherti potentsiaal

  • Maxwelli tensor

  • Poyntingi vector

  • Pöörisvool





Vooluahelad


  • Elektrivool

  • Pinge

  • Elektromotoorjõud

  • Ohmi seadus

  • Kirchhoffi seadused

  • Alalisvool

  • Vahelduvvool

  • Elektritakistus

  • Elektrijuhtivus

  • Mahtuvus

  • Induktiivsus

  • Memristiivsus

  • Näivtakistus

  • Resonaator

  • Lainejuht





Kovariantne formuleering


  • Elektromagnetvälja tensor

  • Elektromagnetvälja energia-impulsi tensor

  • Neli-vool

  • Elektromagnetvälja neli-potentsiaal





Teadlased


  • Ampère

  • Coulomb

  • Faraday

  • Gauss

  • Heaviside

  • Henry

  • Hertz

  • Lorentz

  • Maxwell

  • Tesla

  • Volta

  • Weber

  • Ørsted




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Ampère'i seadus on üks esimesi magnetilise jõu seadusi; André-Marie Ampère avastas selle 1826. aastal.


Ampère'i seaduse järgi on magnetväljas asuvale vooluga juhtmelõigule mõjuv jõud Fdisplaystyle F võrdeline juhet läbiva voolu tugevusega Idisplaystyle I , juhtmelõigu pikkusega ldisplaystyle l ning siinusega nurgast αdisplaystyle alpha voolu suuna ja magnetvälja suuna vahel:[1]


F=kIlsinα,displaystyle F=kIlsin ,alpha ,

kus võrdetegur k=Bdisplaystyle k=B (magnetinduktsioon).


Magnetinduktsiooni tekkepõhjus pole siin oluline; magnetvälja võib luua üksik vooluga juhe, elektrimootori mähis või püsimagnet.[2]




Vasaku käe reegli illustratsioon


Magnetväljas vooluga juhtmele mõjuva jõu suund on võimalik määrata vasaku käe reegliga: kui kujutada ette, et magnetinduktsiooni B vektor on suunatud vasaku käe peopessa ja voolu I suund juhtmes ühtib väljasirutatud sõrmede suunaga, siis näitab väljasirutatud pöial juhtmelõigule mõjuva jõu F suunda.


Kuna magnetväli ja jõud on omavahel risti, siis ei mõjuta magnetväli vooluga juhet mitte magnetvälja jõujoontega samas sihis, vaid risti jõujoontega. Kui magnetinduktsiooni suund on ka voolu suunaga risti (sinα=1displaystyle sin ,alpha =1), siis jõud


F=BIl,displaystyle F=BIl,

kus Fdisplaystyle F on jõud njuutonites, Bdisplaystyle B magnetinduktsioon teslades, Idisplaystyle I vool juhtmes amprites ja ldisplaystyle l magnetväljas oleva juhtmelõigu pikkus meetrites.


Ampère'i seadust diferentsiaal- ja integraalkujul vt artiklis Maxwelli võrrandid.



Viited |




  1. ↑ Ampère'i seadus


  2. ↑ Urmo Visk (koostaja) (2007) Magnetism Tartu Ülikool. Teaduskool. PDF. Vaadatud 14.05.2012



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