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Kirchhoffi seadused Esimene Kirchhoffi seadus | Teine Kirchhoffi seadus | Viited | Navigeerimismenüü

Elektrotehnika


elektrilaenguenergia jäävuse seadustvooluahelateselektrivooluvoolutugevusteelektrotehnikaGustav Kirchhoffi1845Königsbergi ülikooli1847doktoritööOhmi seadusiMaxwelli võrranditestalgebraline summaelektromotoorjõududepingelangude










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Kirchhoffi seadused




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Disambig gray.svg See artikkel räägib Kirchhoffi seadustest vooluahelate kohta; kiirgusseaduse kohta vaata artiklit Kirchhoffi kiirgusseadus.


I2 = I1 + I3


Kirchhoffi seadused on kaks seost, mis käsitlevad vastavalt elektrilaengu ja energia jäävuse seadust vooluahelates. Need võimaldavad arvutada elektrivoolu voolutugevuste jaotust ahela harudes, kui ahela elementide elektrilised parameetrid on teada.[1] Kirchoffi seadused on ühed elektrotehnika alusseadustest.


Seadused on nimetatud Gustav Kirchhoffi järgi, kes avaldas need aastal 1845.[1] Ta töötas need seadused välja 21-aastasena, kui ta oli Königsbergi ülikooli tudeng. 1847 kaitses ta nende põhjal oma doktoritöö. Kirchhoff üldistas oma võrranditega Ohmi seadusi, mis sõnastati aastal 1827. Kirchhoffi seadused järelduvad otseselt klassikalise elektrodünaamika alusvõrranditest - Maxwelli võrranditest, mis avaldati aastatel 1861 ja 1862.




Kui parempoolse toiteallika elektromotoorjõud on 0 V, siis ahela paremal poolel vool puudub



Esimene Kirchhoffi seadus |


Hargnemispunkti ehk sõlme suunduvate elektriahela harude voolutugevuste algebraline summa võrdub hargnemispunktist väljuvate harude voolutugevuste algebralise summaga.


Esimese Kirchhoffi seaduse teistsuguse sõnastuse järgi võrdub suvalisse hargnemispunkti ehk sõlme koonduvate ahela harude voolutugevuste algebraline summa nulliga, kus hargnemispunkti suunduvaid voolusid loetakse positiivseteks ja sealt väljuvaid negatiivseteks.[1]



Teine Kirchhoffi seadus |


Kinnise elektriahela elektromotoorjõudude algebraline summa võrdub selle ahela kõigi harude pingelangude algebralise summaga.[1]


Teise Kirchhoffi seaduse teistsuguse sõnastuse järgi võrdub ahela igas kinnises kontuuris elektromotoorjõudude algebraline summa kõikidel takistitel tekkivate pingelangude algebralise summaga.



Viited |




  1. ↑ 1,01,11,21,3 Tehnikaleksikon, lk. 206










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