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Elekter


elektrilaengutePositiivsenegatiivseelektromagnetväljaüldkeeleselektrienergiatelektrivooluvanakreekamerevaikhõõrdelelektriseerubThalesvälkuElmo tulesidelektriraiWilliam Gilbert1600püsimagneti










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Elekter




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Elektromagnetism
VFPt Solenoid correct2.svg

Elekter - Magnetism


Elektrostaatika


  • Elektrilaeng

  • Staatiline elekter

  • Coulomb'i seadus

  • Elektrivälja tugevus

  • Elektriline induktsioon

  • Gaussi seadus elektrivälja jaoks

  • Elektrivälja potentsiaal

  • Elektrostaatiline induktsioon

  • Elektriline dipoolmoment

  • Dielektriline polarisatsioon

  • Dielektrik





Magnetostaatika


  • Ampère'i seadus

  • Elektrivool

  • Magnetiline induktsioon

  • Magneetumus

  • Magneetikud

  • Magnetvoog

  • Biot'-Savarti seadus

  • Magnetiline dipoolmoment

  • Gaussi seadus magnetvälja jaoks





Elektrodünaamika


  • Lorentzi jõud

  • Elektromotoorjõud

  • Elektromagnetiline induktsioon

  • Faraday seadus

  • Lenzi reegel

  • Nihkevool

  • Maxwelli võrrandid

  • Elektromagnetväli

  • Elektromagnetiline kiirgus

  • Liénardi-Wiecherti potentsiaal

  • Maxwelli tensor

  • Poyntingi vector

  • Pöörisvool





Vooluahelad


  • Elektrivool

  • Pinge

  • Elektromotoorjõud

  • Ohmi seadus

  • Kirchhoffi seadused

  • Alalisvool

  • Vahelduvvool

  • Elektritakistus

  • Elektrijuhtivus

  • Mahtuvus

  • Induktiivsus

  • Memristiivsus

  • Näivtakistus

  • Resonaator

  • Lainejuht





Kovariantne formuleering


  • Elektromagnetvälja tensor

  • Elektromagnetvälja energia-impulsi tensor

  • Neli-vool

  • Elektromagnetvälja neli-potentsiaal





Teadlased


  • Ampère

  • Coulomb

  • Faraday

  • Gauss

  • Heaviside

  • Henry

  • Hertz

  • Lorentz

  • Maxwell

  • Tesla

  • Volta

  • Weber

  • Ørsted




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  • v

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  • r




Elektri ülekandeliinid


Elekter on elektrilaengute olemasolust tingitud nähtuste kompleks. Positiivse või negatiivse elektrilaenguga osakesed tekitavad elektromagnetvälja ja alluvad selle toimele.


Sõna "elekter" ei ole tänapäeval terminina kasutusel. Varem on füüsikas selle all mõistetud elektrilaengut (elektrihulka). Praegu mõistetakse üldkeeles elektri all kõige sagedamini elektrienergiat või elektrivoolu.




Sisukord





  • 1 Ajalugu


  • 2 Vaata ka


  • 3 Viited


  • 4 Videod




Ajalugu |


Sõna "elekter" tuleneb vanakreeka sõnast ήλεκτρον (ēlektron) 'merevaik'. Nimetus tuleb sellest, et merevaik hõõrdel elektriseerub ehk omandab elektrilaengu.[1][2]


Juba Thales teadis, et kui merevaiku hõõruda, siis hakkab see kergesti teisi esemeid külge tõmbama, kuid ta ei osanud seda nähtust seletada. Antiikajal tunti paljusid teisigi elektrinähtuseid: välku, Elmo tulesid ja loomset elektrit, mida näiteks elektrirai tekitab, kuid neid ei seostatud omavahel ega teatud ühise sõnaga nimetada.[2]


Esimesena oli elektriliste nähtuste uurimises tänapäevases mõistes teaduslikult edukas inglise astronoom ja füüsik William Gilbert. Tema aastal 1600 avaldatud raamatus "De magnete" eristati esimest korda merevaigu hõõrumisel tekkivat külgetõmbejõudu püsimagneti külgetõmbejõust. Tema leiutas ka ladinakeelse sõna "electricus", mida hakkas kasutama elektrinähtuste kohta, ja sellest tuleb elektrit tähistav sõna paljudes keeltes.



Vaata ka |


  • Elektrotehnika

  • Elektriväli

  • Elektromotoorjõud


Viited |




  1. ↑ Tehnikaleksikon, lk. 81


  2. ↑ 2,02,1 Antiigileksikon, 1. kd., lk. 132




Videod |



  • [1] (ingliskeelne video elektriga seotud mõistete kujunemise kohta)



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